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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Yates's correction for continuity ： ウィキペディア英語版 Yates's correction for continuity In statistics, Yates' correction for continuity (or Yates' chi-squared test) is used in certain situations when testing for independence in a contingency table. In some cases, Yates' correction may adjust too far, and so its current use is limited. ==Correction for approximation error== Using the chi-squared distribution to interpret Pearson's chi-squared statistic requires one to assume that the discrete probability of observed binomial frequencies in the table can be approximated by the continuous chi-squared distribution. This assumption is not quite correct, and introduces some error. To reduce the error in approximation, Frank Yates, an English statistician, suggested a correction for continuity that adjusts the formula for Pearson's chi-squared test by subtracting 0.5 from the difference between each observed value and its expected value in a 2 × 2 contingency table.〔Yates, F (1934). "Contingency table involving small numbers and the χ2 test". ''Supplement to the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society'' 1(2): 217–235. 〕 This reduces the chi-squared value obtained and thus increases its p-value. The effect of Yates' correction is to prevent overestimation of statistical significance for small data. This formula is chiefly used when at least one cell of the table has an expected count smaller than 5. Unfortunately, Yates' correction may tend to overcorrect. This can result in an overly conservative result that fails to reject the null hypothesis when it should (a type II error). So it is suggested that Yates' correction is unnecessary even with quite low sample sizes,〔Sokal RR, Rohlf F.J. (1981). ''Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research.'' Oxford: W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1254-7.〕 such as: :$\backslash sum\_^N\; O\_i\; =\; 20\; \backslash ,$ The following is Yates' corrected version of Pearson's chi-squared statistic: :$\backslash chi\_\backslash text^2\; =\; \backslash sum\_^$ where: :''Oi'' = an observed frequency :''Ei'' = an expected (theoretical) frequency, asserted by the null hypothesis :''N'' = number of distinct events 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yates's correction for continuity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.